{"resultsPerPage":1,"startIndex":0,"totalResults":1,"format":"NVD_CVE","version":"2.0","timestamp":"2026-05-13T11:25:36.346","vulnerabilities":[{"cve":{"id":"CVE-2025-39961","sourceIdentifier":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","published":"2025-10-09T13:15:32.250","lastModified":"2026-02-26T23:03:20.560","vulnStatus":"Analyzed","cveTags":[],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\niommu/amd/pgtbl: Fix possible race while increase page table level\n\nThe AMD IOMMU host page table implementation supports dynamic page table levels\n(up to 6 levels), starting with a 3-level configuration that expands based on\nIOVA address. The kernel maintains a root pointer and current page table level\nto enable proper page table walks in alloc_pte()/fetch_pte() operations.\n\nThe IOMMU IOVA allocator initially starts with 32-bit address and onces its\nexhuasted it switches to 64-bit address (max address is determined based\non IOMMU and device DMA capability). To support larger IOVA, AMD IOMMU\ndriver increases page table level.\n\nBut in unmap path (iommu_v1_unmap_pages()), fetch_pte() reads\npgtable->[root/mode] without lock. So its possible that in exteme corner case,\nwhen increase_address_space() is updating pgtable->[root/mode], fetch_pte()\nreads wrong page table level (pgtable->mode). It does compare the value with\nlevel encoded in page table and returns NULL. This will result is\niommu_unmap ops to fail and upper layer may retry/log WARN_ON.\n\nCPU 0                                         CPU 1\n------                                       ------\nmap pages                                    unmap pages\nalloc_pte() -> increase_address_space()      iommu_v1_unmap_pages() -> fetch_pte()\n  pgtable->root = pte (new root value)\n                                             READ pgtable->[mode/root]\n\t\t\t\t\t       Reads new root, old mode\n  Updates mode (pgtable->mode += 1)\n\nSince Page table level updates are infrequent and already synchronized with a\nspinlock, implement seqcount to enable lock-free read operations on the read path."}],"metrics":{"cvssMetricV31":[{"source":"nvd@nist.gov","type":"Primary","cvssData":{"version":"3.1","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","baseScore":4.7,"baseSeverity":"MEDIUM","attackVector":"LOCAL","attackComplexity":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"LOW","userInteraction":"NONE","scope":"UNCHANGED","confidentialityImpact":"NONE","integrityImpact":"NONE","availabilityImpact":"HIGH"},"exploitabilityScore":1.0,"impactScore":3.6}]},"weaknesses":[{"source":"nvd@nist.gov","type":"Primary","description":[{"lang":"en","value":"CWE-362"}]}],"configurations":[{"nodes":[{"operator":"OR","negate":false,"cpeMatch":[{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.9.194","versionEndExcluding":"4.10","matchCriteriaId":"2572FA5E-845E-4DF3-9D9C-8918ECC777C8"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.14.146","versionEndExcluding":"4.15","matchCriteriaId":"F1F3489C-0F08-4C44-9AFD-D45E286F51D3"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"4.19.75","versionEndExcluding":"4.20","matchCriteriaId":"5EC25515-A753-47F9-823B-4483BE60F328"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.2.17","versionEndExcluding":"5.3","matchCriteriaId":"C42AB381-30AB-4C50-8C95-A4BFAF431AFB"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"5.3.1","versionEndExcluding":"6.6.108","matchCriteriaId":"983311BA-7332-42E8-9C1F-71C82FC23C03"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.7","versionEndExcluding":"6.12.49","matchCriteriaId":"CAA033E9-A2C5-4976-A83E-9804D8FB827F"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionStartIncluding":"6.13","versionEndExcluding":"6.16.9","matchCriteriaId":"638DD910-1189-4F5E-98BF-2D436B695112"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:5.3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*","matchCriteriaId":"D036D76E-AC69-4382-B4C1-8EDA1ABB2941"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:5.3:rc8:*:*:*:*:*:*","matchCriteriaId":"999345BA-F820-40B9-A711-32CA9265C289"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*","matchCriteriaId":"327D22EF-390B-454C-BD31-2ED23C998A1C"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*","matchCriteriaId":"C730CD9A-D969-4A8E-9522-162AAF7C0EE9"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*","matchCriteriaId":"39982C4B-716E-4B2F-8196-FA301F47807D"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*","matchCriteriaId":"340BEEA9-D70D-4290-B502-FBB1032353B1"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*","matchCriteriaId":"47E4C5C0-079F-4838-971B-8C503D48FCC2"},{"vulnerable":true,"criteria":"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*","matchCriteriaId":"5A4516A6-C12E-42A4-8C0E-68AEF3264504"}]}]}],"references":[{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/075abf0b1a958acfbea2435003d228e738e90346","source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"]},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1e56310b40fd2e7e0b9493da9ff488af145bdd0c","source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"]},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d462bdecb7d9c32934dab44aaeb7ea7d73a27a2","source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"]},{"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cd92c8ab336c3a633d46e6f35ebcd3509ae7db3b","source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"]}]}}]}